Abstract
Proliferative urethritis (PU) is an uncommon condition of the lower urinary tract, frequently associated with chronic inflammatory processes and/or immune-mediated processes, although its etiology remains unknown. It mainly affects female dogs, progressing with hyperplasia of the urethral epithelium and causing clinical signs such as stranguria, dysuria, urinary frequency, hematuria and signs of partial or total obstruction of urinary flow. The objective of this work was to report the case of a canine patient treated at the Roque Quagliato Veterinary Medical Center with an emphasis on the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties regarding the pathology. Recurrent bacterial cystitis was apparently associated with PU in this animal. Differential diagnoses such as urolithiasis, trauma, vesicourethral reflex dyssynergia and urogenital neoplasia were considered and ruled out through physical examination, neurological assessment, imaging examinations, cystotomy, in addition to cytological and histopathological examinations. The definitive diagnosis of PU was defined through cystoscopy with biopsy. As described in other studies, drug and surgical treatments, alone or combined, present variable results, with complications or recurrence of clinical signs often occurring, as is the case in this case report.